Abstract: :: essays papers

AbstractCurrently, hysteria is commonly thought of as serious physical harm done unto some other individual. Recently that definition has been rethought to now include milder forms of aggression. This is redefinition is key as instructors begin taking a fresh look at the problem of school violence, particularly when it involves very young children. Aggressive children were once thought of as just going through a phase and eventually out-growing the aggressive behavior. But modern explore has discovered that aggression in early childhood leads to much to a greater extent severe behavior in later life. Because of these new findings, the purpose of this research paper is to discover the impact of early childhood violence stayion programs and if they would be successful in combating the issue of school violence. School violence is a rising epidemic occurring every day, in varying degrees, at schools across the country. School shootings that are being broadcasted in the media are the most extreme and old forms that seems to attract the most public attention to the problem, while bullying and other smaller forms of violent acts that are happening more frequently dont gain the same type of media attention as the occasional shootings do. Parents across the nation are thinking, not my child, not my neighborhood. They do not believe that it could happen in their admit backyard or in an expensive private school, but it does. Middle and high school students are finally beginning to receive information from school and friendship prevention programs that are designed to help them to identify and deal with violence in their schools. But there is an alarming new trend of school violence that is occurring with even younger children in elementary schools which is having a tremendous impact on their behavior as adolescents and adults. Young children are becoming more and more aggressive towards their peers, which is directly escalating the problem of school v iolence and aggression in essence and high schools. Because of this, school violence prevention programs need to be utilise in early childhood educational settings in order to bring an end to the rising rates of bullying and school violence among kindergarten and elementary school-aged children and to prevent school violence later in life.Today, the term violence in American society is generally reserved for only acts of severe physical harm towards another person. Because of this commonly thought, narrow definition, many educators and parents only see the school violence problem as intentional interpersonal violence between middle or high school students or from a student towards a teacher.

The Eclectic Model Essay -- Education

For my presentation I chose the eclectic teaching method use in Physical Education. Going into the project I had no idea what the model was or what it involved. I quickly learned the importance of the Eclectic model and how it is the just about vital and widely used teaching method out. The reason for this is because it is the combination of all the teaching models and grouping them to the different age levels of the students. Obviously, there are real games or activities that you would not do with 3rd graders because they are not developed enough to handle them. On the other hand you may not do an activity with high schoolers because they are over developed for it and they will not gain any benefits from it. To better explain how the eclectic model would be used I researched other teaching models and broke them down into 3 categories where they fit beat out Elementary, Middle School, and High School.Elementary Physical Education is usually the outgrowth time when young children are being professionally taught how to control their bodies and perform basic skills that they will need to succeed in physical activity passim their lifetime. This is the most important part of a childs Physical Education because without these skills and abilities they will not be able to exercise properly by means of life and it could also discourage them from trying different activities. If this happens our country will become even more obese and out of shape.The models we decided fit best in this age group of students were Developmental Education, Tactical Games Model, Movement Model, Interdisciplinary Elementary Education, and Inquiry Model. We discovered that these in particular taught objectives that younger children need earlier they could move onto m... ...entary school ages as well.When a school district decides to use the eclectic model in their PE program they do it in hopes that the students will collapse what they have learned grades K-12 to the rest of their lif e. As PE teachers it is our job to give students the information needed to live a long, healthy life. When taught correctly, the eclectic model does just that. flora Cited1.Siedentop, Daryl, Jacqueline Herkowitz, and Judith Rink. Elementary Physical Education Methods. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, 1984. Print.2.Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness The Physical Best Teachers Guide. Leeds Human Kinetics Europe, 2005. Print.3.Manimtim-Florescar, Ruth. Teaching Method Eclectic The Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online. The Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online. 27 May 2008. Web. .

James v. Lorenz :: essays research papers

William James and Konrad Lorenz are at a caf in the middle of Piccadilly Circus having coffee, smoking cigars, deep in conversation.J What say you about this Konrad, I have a Scotch terrier that used to live in the boron, and I recently moved him into my home. In the barn, he had this nasty little habit of burial things into the ground, and upon being moved into the house continued with the same behavior. After a hardly a(prenominal) days, he eventually stopped trying to dig altogether. How would you explain this?L I conceptualise that your spread over was not the right stimulus for your beloved terrier. An animal needs to have a specific stimulus in coif to elicit a certain response in this case, the dirt would elicit the digging. Because the dog was not in an environment that had dirt readily available to him to be able to dig, he had no need to do so.J Okay, but why did he continue, if even for a few days, to try to dig into my carpet and deposit useless items such as glov es into the floor?L He was so used to digging in your barn that he continued to do so in your house. The intensity of the stimulus changed, so the response followed suit and changed as well. J But that is like my fly-wheel of society, he kept on trying to dig into my carpet because he was used to doing itbut then that is considered to be a habit and not an instinct.L It was instinctive for him to bury in the barn not only because he had the right stimulus to elicit the digging, but also what was he burying in the barn? Food, I suppose. I believe that if you take for example the concealment response of Corvids, you will see that some animals purposely hide their intellectual nourishment so that in the future, they can retrieve it if necessary. Because as you know of course, that unlike domestic animals, wild animals need to search for their food in order to survive. Your terrier was doing as much in trying to hide his food in the barn, probably because there were other animals that were present and he assumed they might try to take his food. After having been in your home for a few days, he realized that there was no need to continue with the act of burying items such as gloves because it was useless.

Michelangelo Buonarroti, the artist :: History

Michelangelo Buonarroti, the operative.Arguably one of the most inspired creators in the account statement of art and, with Leonardo da Vinci, the most potent force in the Italian High Renaissance. As a sculptor, architect, painter, and poet, he exerted a tremendous learn on his contemporaries and on subsequent Western art in general. I choose this man because he is one of the more talents and known artists in the cultural family. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 - 1564) Michelangelo, the second of five brothers was born on butt 6, 1475, at Caprese, in Tuscany, to Ludovico di Leonardo di Buonarotto Simoni and Francesca Neri. The same day, his pay back noted down Today March 6, 1475, a child of the male sex has been born to me and I have named him Michelangelo. He was born on Monday between 4 and 5 in the morning, at Caprese, where I am the Podest. When Michelangelo was a child, he met a boy, Francesco Granacci six years older than him, who was learning the art of painting in Ghirla ndaios studio, and Michelangelo found his own artist vocation. Michelangelos father placed his 13-year-old son in the workshop of the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. After about two years, Michelangelo went on to study at the sculpture school in the Medici gardens and shortly thereafter was invited into the household of Lorenzo de Medici, the Magnificent. Michelangelos studies were Painting, sculpture and Anatomy of the human body, (for this reason, the quality of his artwork, the perfection of the body in the sculpture and painting). Michelangelo was a very illustrated and intelligent boy, and his father always give him unconditional support. For these reasons, Michelangelo succeed. Michelangelo produced his first large-scale sculpture, the over-life-size Bacchus (1496-98, Bargello, Florence). Piet at the same time, Michelangelo also did the marble Piet (1498-1500), still in its original place in deification Peters Basilica. One of the most famous works of art, the Pieta was probabl y finished before Michelangelo was 25 years old. These two artworks of Michelangelo were the first ones and both are great works. enchantment Michelangelo was occupied with the David (1501-1504) he receive a commission, paint a mural, the Battle of Cascina, destined for the Sala dei Cinquecento of the Palazzo Vecchio. With this work, he demonstrates his ability as a painter. In 1505 the Julius II fit out Michelangelo to produce his tomb which was planned to be the most magnificent of Christian times.

Who are the Real Parents? Essay -- science

Who are the Real Parents?Are parents those who give birth to a pincer or those who care for a child? Does nature or nurture make a woman a mother? As more and more heartbreaking tugs-of-war between biological and adopted parents surface, anyone searching for a baby has good reason for concern (Casey 119). frustrate Jessica was raised from infancy by adoptive parents, Jan and Roberta DeBoer. For two and a half long time Jessica was at the heart of one of the most bitter custody battles in America, caught between the parents in Michigan who reared her and the parents in Iowa who gave birth to her and wanted her back (Ingrassia and Springen 60). Cara and Dan Schmidt took scream baby Jessica from her home in 1993 when they won their court battle to get her back (Casey 119). Baby Jessica is just one of the many victims of child custody battles in America. Jane and John Doe adopted a baby boy, Richard in March of 1991. Richards biological mother, Daniela Kirchner, gave up her son while her boyfriend, Otakar, was out of the country tour his family. He had left Daniela just two weeks before Richards birth. Daniela had heard rumors that Otakar had been cheating on her with another woman, in Czechoslovakia, so she decided to lie to him more or less their baby, Richard. She told Otakar that Richard had died just four age after his birth. In May of 1991 Otakar returned to Chicago and the couple reconciled. Daniela told him about the adoption of their son and how she lied to him about his death. Eighty days after Richards birth, Otakar challenged the adoption. He claimed that he had no knowledge of his son until his return to the US and now he wanted his son back desperately (Ingrassia and McCormick 44). The Does met in seventh grade in a suburban Chicago school but didnt start dating until they were in their early twenties. get married in 1979, Jane, a paralegal, and John and a son. They say that they had not sought to adopt another child but were bowled over by th at first watchword about Richard. Never did they expect that legal briefs and litigation would dominate their lives for the next three geezerhood (Alexander 40). After three and a half years of court battle, baby Richard was torn away from his adoptive parents where he had lived since he was four days old and returned to his biological father, who had never seen him before (Terry A1). W... ...sey, Kathryn. The Case of Baby Lenore 25 Years Later. Ladies Home Journal. August 1995 116-9. Diamant, Anita. Is It Safe to Adopt A Child? McCalls (Jan 1994) 96-99. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1994. Art. 22. Hegger, Susan. The Trials of Childhood. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (Aug 1993) 1B. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1993. Art. 17. Ingrassia, Michelle and John McCormick. Ordered to Surrender Newsweek. (Feb 1995)44-45. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1 995. Art. 41. Ingrassia, Michelle and Karen Springen. Shes Not Baby Jessica Anymore. Newsweek. 21 March 1994 60-3. McCarty, Kevin. Adoption Exchange Association Statement on the Uniform Adoption Act. http//www.webcom.com/kmc/adoption/law/uaa/aca.html. January 1997. Terry, Don. Storm Rages in Chicago Over Revoked Adoption. New York Times. 15 July 1994 A1A12. Yack, Wendy and Susan Littwin. They Took Away My Baby. McCalls. (Jan 1994) 96-99. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1994. Art. 22.

Who are the Real Parents? Essay -- science

Who are the Real Parents?Are parents those who give birth to a sister or those who caveat for a child? Does nature or nurture make a woman a mother? As more and more heartbreaking tugs-of-war betwixt biological and adoptive parents surface, anyone searching for a baby has good reason for concern (Casey 119). Baby Jessica was raised from infancy by adoptive parents, Jan and Roberta DeBoer. For two and a half years Jessica was at the heart of one of the most bitter custody battles in America, caught between the parents in Michigan who reared her and the parents in Iowa who gave birth to her and valued her back (Ingrassia and Springen 60). Cara and Dan Schmidt took screaming baby Jessica from her home in 1993 when they won their court battle to get her back (Casey 119). Baby Jessica is just one of the many victims of child custody battles in America. Jane and John Doe adopted a baby boy, Richard in March of 1991. Richards biological mother, Daniela Kirchner, gave up her son while he r boyfriend, Otakar, was disclose of the country visiting his family. He had left Daniela just two weeks forwards Richards birth. Daniela had heard rumors that Otakar had been cheating on her with another woman, in Czechoslovakia, so she persistent to lie to him some their baby, Richard. She told Otakar that Richard had died just four days after his birth. In May of 1991 Otakar returned to Chicago and the couple reconciled. Daniela told him about the adoption of their son and how she lied to him about his death. Eighty days after Richards birth, Otakar challenged the adoption. He claimed that he had no knowledge of his son until his return to the US and now he wanted his son back desperately (Ingrassia and McCormick 44). The Does met in seventh grade in a suburban Chicago school but didnt start dating until they were in their early twenties. Married in 1979, Jane, a paralegal, and John and a son. They say that they had not sought to adopt another child but were bowled over by th at first call about Richard. Never did they expect that legal briefs and litigation would dominate their lives for the next three years (Alexander 40). After three and a half years of court battle, baby Richard was torn away from his adoptive parents where he had lived since he was four days old and returned to his biological father, who had never seen him before (Terry A1). W... ...sey, Kathryn. The Case of Baby Lenore 25 Years Later. Ladies Home Journal. August 1995 116-9. Diamant, Anita. Is It Safe to Adopt A Child? McCalls (Jan 1994) 96-99. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1994. Art. 22. Hegger, Susan. The Trials of Childhood. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (Aug 1993) 1B. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1993. Art. 17. Ingrassia, Michelle and John McCormick. Ordered to nightfall Newsweek. (Feb 1995)44-45. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1995. Art. 4 1. Ingrassia, Michelle and Karen Springen. Shes Not Baby Jessica Anymore. Newsweek. 21 March 1994 60-3. McCarty, Kevin. Adoption Exchange Association Statement on the Uniform Adoption Act. http//www.webcom.com/kmc/adoption/ legality/uaa/aca.html. January 1997. Terry, Don. Storm Rages in Chicago Over Revoked Adoption. New York Times. 15 July 1994 A1A12. Yack, Wendy and Susan Littwin. They Took Away My Baby. McCalls. (Jan 1994) 96-99. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL S.I.R.S., Inc., 1994. Art. 22.

How the Sun Affects the Weather

ASTR 1020 August 31, 2011 How the sunbathe Affects the Weather Our liebathe is a massive nuclear fusion reactor that generates astonishing amounts of energy. The sun is the largest personify in our solar system. It has a gravitational pull causing all other objects in the solar system to orbit it. Since the sun is in the contiguity of the earth this gives the results of a greater gravitational effect on earth. Warmth for the planet is provided primarily by the suns energy. The rate of energy orgasm from the sun changes from day to day.At an average distance from the sun 93 million miles (Ahrens 4). The energy from the sun affects many things here on earth. One of the main things the sun does is fast our planet, including the atmospheric state. This energy drives our weather we see daily. Temperature fluctuation the sun generates can be associated to every weather phenomenon on earth and can be traced plunk for to the sun. All planets have an atmosphere, a storey of gases th at surrounds them. The Suns atmosphere is made up of hydrogen, while Earths is made up primarily of nitrogen and oxygen.Carbon dioxide, ozone, and other gases ar in addition present. These gases keep our planet warm and protect us from the direct effects of the Suns radiation. Without this regulation, Earth could not sustain life. To understand the weather you need to understand the layers of the atmosphere. The layers of the atmosphere from the scrape rising upward are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. We live in the troposphere layer, this is where the air temperature normally decreases with height, and contains all of the weather we are familiar with.Most of the clouds you see in the incline are found in the troposphere, and this is the layer of the atmosphere we associate with weather. Extending up to 10 miles above Earths climb up, the troposphere contains a variety of gases water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and others. These gases sponsor retain heat, a portion of which is indeed radiated back to warm the surface of Earth. In the stratosphere is where most of the gas ozone is found. The rimyest layer in the atmosphere is the mesosphere and the warmest atmospheric layer is the thermosphere.Then we get to the region where atoms and molecules shoot off into space in the exosphere, which signify the upper limits of our atmosphere. A greenhouse gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation withing the caloric infrared range. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earths atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth within them, Earths surface would be on average of about 33 degrees Celsius or 59 degrees Fahrenheit colder than present temperature.The earth being tilted at 23. 5 degrees on its axis and revolving around the sun makes the earths heat unevenly giving us different climate and weather. The t ilt causes annual variation in the amount of sunlight that strikes the surface as well as variations in the length of time the sun shines at each latitude (Ahrens 73). The sun heats up the equatorial regions more than the poles, so the earth has to develop circulations to distribute the heat. This keeps the equator from getting hotter and the poles from getting colder.This is the way the earth balances out its unequal distribution of heat. With the earths rotation this causes the wind pattern to form east -to-west. Weather as a whole comes down to the universal circulation of cold and hot air. The sun has the sterling(prenominal) impact on the lower stratosphere with the impact of ultraviolet light from the sun assist in changing temperature. Lower to mid stratosphere is heated greatly collect to the ozone layer ozone absorbing large quantities of dangerous solar energy he absorption causes the warmup from 20km to 50k. The middle and upper troposphere is indeed very important for stability processes. The hotter the surface temps and the colder the mid and upper tropospheric temps the more instability and the stronger updrafts and stronger storms (Haywood). Here are several examples The sun warms up air, the area encompassing this warm air creating a warm front. Many weather developments will occur when a warm front meets up with a cold front.Oceans, lakes, and soil surfaces are warmed by the sun causing warm air to rise in the atmosphere. The warm air meets up with colder air causing it to condense and produce clouds that could create hail, snow, or rain. Sun warm up air over the sea near the equator and this warm air will rise creating a cloud. Cold air will then replace the warm air that has lifted and collides creating spiraling turbulence known as a hurricanes. Sun produces warm air then it abruptly turns cold this creates pressure and uproar which whips up a tornado.Sun warms up the earths surface and this warm air will expand and rise, as it rises the air will then cool and descend. This up and down cycle of rising warm air and descending cool air will generate wind. There are many factors when it comes to weather but the main key to the weather equation is the heating from the sun for weather to occur. The sun plays a vital role in our daily lives and weather. Works Cited Ahrens, C. Donald. Meterology Today. Belmont Brooks/Cole, 2009. 9th ed. Haywood, Lee. Meterologist with WSAV/Instructor ASSU.

Auto biography of a Tree Essay

I am a tree, tall and imposing, standing all alone near the campus of a temple. My life is ever so interesting as, I see a huge spectrum of society, funny gestures of people, and hear all kinds of conversation of the devotees who pass by me. I was not always so huge. As is true of all living beings I was in any case a long time back, a young sapling with this huge tree within me.At that time I looked fresh and beautiful as all other beings who are young, but, at that time I was of course not so imposing. This is what I have seen about life that, every stage has some matter good about it. I understand that, I am a peepal tree which just grows anywhere and everywhere. Ever since I was young, I remember several people coming to my root and worshipping me.They would light an earthenware lamp, and put it near my root, say their prayers and go away. This was a quotidian ritual which scores of people followed at my root ever since I can remember. As I started growing up bigger and bigger , the temple regime put a two feet wall like boundary most my trunk.This was done to protect me from being destroyed by crowds who thronged to me. Since I am near a temple, I have always had the pleasure of a lot of company daily and, the great observe of being worshipped by scores of believers every day. Now, I am a full grown tree, and that two feet wall has been converted into a broad platform all around me, with my root out of sight, and the trunk alike somewhat covered from vision. Here on the platform people sit and say their prayers and relax. At times they also consume their temple prasad while sitting on this platform.Oh, what a wonderful feeling it is to be so loved and cared for and, above all, being so honoured and respected. This honour is given to me as, I understand now that, a section of the Indian society considered me a holy tree to be worshipped. This is why there is so much hype about me and my kin. As I stand here, near a temple, I never ever feel lonely I aim all sorts of company throughout the day, so, where is the scope of feeling lonely. Early in the morning the temple is opened at 6 a.m. It is cleaned and washed so, I survive the company of people who clean the premises.They come to me also and broom the area around me, wash the platform and I am trim and neat to acceptable my guests for the day. After the temple is cleaned there is a pooja, and from 7 a.m. devotees start pouring in, and the temple bells start ringing and breaking the silence of the night. Devotees continue pouring in the temple right from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., when the temple closes.These long hours of the day, there is no chance of my getting bored as, I have the company of so many people moving around the area. Even though I am alone, a lonely tree but, my life is full of thrill and excite handst, as I get lots of, and variety of company. This in turn is an added honour for me that, while my friends have the company of trees only, I have the company of human being beings who spill the beans and walk and discuss matters to make my life more lively and enjoyable. I often wondered to myself as to why there is so much of greatness constrict upon me, though I am just a tree like any other.Yes, here is the catch, I believe I am so revere because I am considered by the Hindus, a religious sect as a holy tree, an incarnation of their God. Aha this makes me feel proud of myself and I am disposed to thank God for this birth in which I get honour, respect, love and care. What else could any living being aspire for. I and my honour are just enhanced as, I stand near a temple of God. Now, all my anxiety is put to rest as, I have learnt that I am also here to be worshipped just as God himself. I stand here alone yet in great company of human beings.My life is just wonderful, I pray to God that HE grant such a wonderful and eventful life to all humans. One thing I forgot to tell you all, about my life. When people come and sit on the platform aro und me, I also get a lot of learning about mans world. I hear scandals, I hear about murders, thefts and what all evils that exist in this mans world. At times I also get to hear small children saying lovely words to their mothers and, seeing the mothers cajoling them, I feel what a beautiful life men have.Thus to add to my experience of life, I have come to know a lot about human beings and their lives. Their lives are also full of pleasures and disappointments. It is not that men only enjoy as, most of us lesser beings seem to feel. Men also have their own problems. So, to add up Id say my life is a pleasure and a rich experience.

Expectations Charles Dickens Essay

In the first chapter of Great Expectations Charles Dickens creates a very intense image of the marshlandes. This is the first can he describes and he makes the marshes sound like a very creepy and bewildering place.Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river wound, twenty miles of the sea.The words marsh and the river makes the marshes sound like a very damp, muddy and bleak place.Also in the first chapter Charles Dickens describes the churchyard asBleak place surpass with nettles. Dickens also describes the churchyard s a very Overgrown and bleak place.A graveyard is supposed to be a knowing place that revitalises and refreshes kind, happy memories. I think this implies that death is all around no matter where you look. I think this because everything is overgrown and not looked after and the nettles argon killing all of the beautiful plants so death is also involved thither as well.Dickens also says about the marshes in the first chapter And that the drab flat wild beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates, with scattered cattle feeding on it, was the marshes and that the low leaden line beyond was the river and the distant savage liar from which the purloin was rushing was the sea.This quote represents a dark and unforgiving future for slur and that there is no wholeness out there in the wilderness to care for him. The words leaden line imply a low lead river that looks like it has bars on and to Pip this makes him feel imprisoned. Also the words savage liar represents to Pip that he thinks that there is like a savage monster out there in the sea. Furthermore in chapter one Dickens explains the marshes as a long black, horizontal line and the sky was just a row of long, angry red lines and dense black lines intermixed. The words represent anger and danger and black utility, death and emptiness. Pip again feels like he is a prisoner to the marshes.At the start of the first chapter rather of Pip being one of the main characters he becomes the narrator of the story and starts talking about his family. So I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.When Pip goes to the churchyard to the graveyard to look at their graves and imagines what his family would of looked like this proves he has a very distinct and creative imagination. My first fancies regarding what they were like, were unreasonably derived from their tombstones.Also Pip proves that there was a high rate of infant mortality and he also proves that there was a universal struggle to die. To five little stone lozenges, severally about a foot and a half long, which were arranged in a neat row beside their grave, and were scared to the memory of five little brothers of mine who gave up trying to get a living exceedingly early in that universal struggle.Dickens in the first chapter changes from first somebody the narrator to third person and this s a very unnatural method to use. And that the small bundle of shivers growi ng afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip.Also Great Expectations was serialised which means that he novel was brought out in chapters and because the novel was successful people kept buying each chapter each sequence they were released.When Pip goes into the churchyard to the graveyard so that he can go and visualise his brothers and his parents he meets a convict. The convict is starving and looking for food and essentially anything and so he turns Pip upside town. The man after looking at me for a moment turned me upside-down.This is very strong and originative and you can clearly imagine it as he turns him upside down literally and metaphorically.After this the convict starts talking to Pip about his appearance. He negotiation aboutWhat fat cheeks you ha gotAfter this Pip saysI believe they were fat, though I was at that time undersized for my years, and not strong.This gives the imprint that Pip has never been fed properly and this make Pip sound innocent and vulner able.Later on Pip makes a promise to the convict that he would bring some food and some wittles so that the convict could release himself from the chain around his ankles and the convict threatens Pip to make sure he does this.

Criminology Theory †Rational Choice Theory Essay

Rational choice surmisal was inspired in the 1700s by a part name Cesare Beccaria, whose useful views and fancys were accepted throughout Europe and the unify States. This theory is also known as sharp-witted action theory meaning the framework for understanding and very much formally modeling social and economic behavior. It is the dominant theoretical paradigm in microeconomics. It is also the central to modern political science and is used by scholars in other disciplines such as sociology and philosophy. Rational Choice Theory is used by social scientists to understand human behavior. This theory is the belief that man is a reasoning actor who weighs means and ends, costs and benefits, and makes a shrewd choice. Beccarias helped to eliminate cruel and unusual punishment in the nineteenth century, which at the time was very common, and formed the basis for the classical theory of crime, a school of thought that influenced the French Revolution and the establishment of the Eighth Amendment in the United States Constitution.Beccaria believed that people take away to engage in all behavior, criminal and non-criminal, and without the fear and certainty of severe punishment for criminal offenses. People will continue to choose to establish those crimes. Beccaria believed that all individuals possess free will. People use free will to make rational decisions, such as whether or not the in-person benefits are worth the risk of violating the law by committing a crime. It is by free will that people are able to follow through with those rational decisions. To Beccaria, punishment should address prevention rather than revenge. He believed that the only way to deter criminals from continuing to commit more serious offenses is to ensure that the punishment is head suited for the crime. He believed the punishment should only be severe enough to outweigh the personal benefits gained from committing the crime. A British philosopher named Jeremy Bentham elaborat ed on Beccarias views and proposed the idea that people choose their actions by whether or not they produce happiness and avoidedunpleasant conditions.With this theory laws were created to keep the community happy and punishment is only warrant if it is used as a method of prevention. The popularity of the classical theory peaked in the 1800s but began to decline and was eventually neglected altogether by the bulk of criminologists by the end of the twentieth century. During the mid-1970s, as positivist approaches towards the rehabilitation of known criminals began to prove ineffective, the popularity of the classical approach improved. Criminologists began to portray criminals to the public as rational planners who deserve to be punished. This modernized view of the classical school of criminology is now known as the rational choice theory and is used to explain why criminals commit crimes. According to the rational choice theory, criminals are people who share the same goals and ambitions as ordinary citizens, but choose to obtain those goals by illegitimate means.The rational choice theory is based on the assumption that before choosing to commit a crime, the criminal considers personal factors or motivation for the crime, such as their present(prenominal) need for benefits, revenge, or excitement, and also situational factors, such as the severity of the consequences and the risk of apprehension. The rationality described by rational choice theory is different from the informal and philosophical uses of rationality. Rationality means in colloquial language sane or in a thoughtful clear headed manner. Routine activity theory is a sub-field of rational choice criminology, which was developed by Marcus Felson. Routine activity theory says that crime is normal and depends on the opportunities available. For example after Hurricane Katrina hit newborn Orleans, meaning poverty, inequality and unemployment became a problem this gave people a reason to commit crimes.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in War Veterans

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN contend VETERANS SC-PNG-0000009299 Alwin Aanand Thomson American Degree Program SEGi College Penang 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Post combat injurytic accent disorder (posttraumatic stress disorder) is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after motion picture to either nonethelesst that resolving powers in psychological trauma. This instance may involve the threat of death to oneself or to someone else, or to ones own or someone elses physical, sexual, or psychological integrity, overwhelming the individuals ability to cope.As an effect of psychological trauma, PTSD is less frequent and more than enduring than the more comm unaccompanied seen acute latent hostility response. Diagnostic symptoms for PTSD include re-experiencing the original trauma(s) through flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and increased arousalsuch(prenominal) as difficulty falling or staying asleep, anger, and hyper vigilance. Formal di agnostic criteria in DSM-IV-TR require that the symptoms last more than one month and ca design large impairment in social, occupational, or other serious areas of functioning (American Psychological Association). . 0 DIAGNOSIS Criteria The diagnostic criteria for PTSD, stipulated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR), may be summarized as A Exposure to a traumatic event This must have involved both (a) loss of physical integrity, or risk of serious injury or death, to self or others, and (b) a response to the event that involved intense fear, horror, or helplessness (or in children, the response must involve disorganised or agitated behavior). The DSM-IV-TR criterion differs substantially from the previous DSM-III-R stressor criterion, which specified the traumatic event should be of a type that would cause significant symptoms of distress in al roughly anyone, and that the event was outside the deviate of usual human exper ience. B Persistent re-experiencing One or more of these must be render in the victim flashback memories, recurring distressing dreams, subjective re-experiencing of the traumatic event(s), or intense negative psychological or physiological response to any objective or subjective. C Persistent avoidance and emotional numbingThis involves a sufficient level of avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, such as accepted thoughts or feelings, or talking about the event(s) avoidance of behaviors, places, or people that might lead to distressing memories inability to recall major parts of the trauma(s), or decreased engagement in significant life activities decreased capacity (down to complete inability) to feel certain feelings an expectation that ones future will be somehow constrained in ways not normal to other people. D Persistent symptoms of increased arousal not present beforeThese are all physiological response issues, such as difficulty falling or staying asleep, or problems with anger, concentration, or hypervigilance. E Duration of symptoms for more than 1 month If all other criteria are present, hardly 30 days have not elapsed, the individual is diagnosed with Acute stress disorder. F Significant impairment The symptoms account must lead to clinically significant distress or impairment of major domains of life activity, such as social relations, occupational activities, or other important areas of functioning. (DSM-IV-TR, American psychiatrical Assocation) . 0 PTSD IN WAR VETERANS 3. 1 Facts & Figures Operation Iraqi Freedom has conk the deadliest American milliliteritary conflict since the Vietnam War. Uto 13 percent of the military man returning from the deployment have reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). With the daily violence in this war torn country, returns men and women are subjected to increased levels of stress which can trigger PTSD. After fighting for their country and risking their lives, allow ing them to return home only to be haunted by their actions degrades everything they were sent to Iraq to accomplish.Since the Vietnam War, methods of treating PTSD have substantial and lowered the number of cases, but simply lowering the number of cases is not good enough. Unless avail members can be prevented from experiencing these negative emotions, every one of them is tenanted in a possible suicide mission. With the proper procedures introduced and carried out as proposed, not only the service members can be helped, but their families as well. collectable to current operations in the Middle East and the young combat operations in the past decade, many citizens have met somebody who has experienced their tract of combat related stress.When you look at somebody who has been in combat, they may look like your average person on the outside, but on the inwardly lays memories of the violent scenes of war torn countries. Their genial health may not be noticeably altered, but t hey could very well suffer from haunting memories, flashbacks, and even post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can produce emotional responses caused by the trauma endured during combat operations. It does not have to emerge immediately, but can very happen weeks, months, or even years after the traumatic event.PTSD was often referred to as combat fatigue or shell shock until 1980 when it was given the shout out post-traumatic stress disorder. According to William Welch of USA Today, PTSD is produced from a traumatic event that provoked intense fear, helplessness, or horror. The events are sometimes re-experienced through intrusive memories, nightmares, hallucinations, or flashbacks. Symptoms of PTSD include troubled sleep, irritability, anger, poor concentration, hyper vigilance, and exaggerated responses.Emotions felt by victims of PTSD include depression, detachment or estrangement, guilt, intense anxiety, panic, and other negative emotions (2005) . bring out of over 240,000 veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan already discharged from the service, nearly 13,000 have been in U. S. segment of Veterans Affairs (VA) counseling centers for readjustment problems and symptoms associated with PTSD (Welch, 2005). Operation Iraqi Freedom has become the deadliest American conflict since the Vietnam War and because of this, new data detailed by Cep79m. v shows that 12 to 13 percent of troops returning from Iraq reported PTSD symptoms epoch about 3 to 4 percent reported other mental distress. A new Army study found that 11 percent of troops returning from Afghanistan reported symptoms of mental distress. Although wartime psychology was just beginning during the Vietnam War era, later studies showed that nearly 15 percent of troops who served there suffered PTSD. The most recent studies found that nearly 30 percent of the Vietnam War veterans have essential physiological problems after returning from the war.PTSD estimates for veterans of the first Gulf War range between 2 and 10 percent (2004). These numbers are based on several key factors. The amount of combat related stress varies by unit and will determine the amount of emotional stress a soldier in that particular unit will experience. For example, according to The New England daybook of Medicine, out of 1709 Soldiers and Marines surveyed, those who returned from Iraq reported higher rates of combat experience and frequency than those returning from Afghanistan. Its probable that those who experience more combat situations are more likely to suffer to PTSD.As noted in The New England Journal of Medicine, out of those surveyed, 71 to 86 percent deployed to Iraq reported engaging in a firefight as apposed to only 31 percent in Afghanistan. Soldiers and Marines returning from Iraq were significantly more likely to report that they were currently experiencing a mental health problem, were interested in receiving help for their mental problems, and actually used me ntal health services (Hoge et al, 2004). As noted earlier, according to William Welch of USA Today, PTSD is produced from a traumatic event that provoked intense fear, helplessness, or horror (2005).Being wounded while in combat is a perfect example of an event which provokes intense fear. Among those who participated in a recent survey, 11. 6 percent reported being wounded or injured while in Iraq compared to 4. 6 percent of those in Afghanistan (Hoge et al, 2004). This is a sop up indication that the events a soldier experiences during deployment will have influence on the possibility of PTSD after redeploying to the United States. Intense situations do not circumvolve around being wounded or injured. Operation Iraqi Freedom has become the deadliest American conflict since the Vietnam War.As a result, CNN notes that 90 percent of those who served in Iraq reported being shot at. A high percentage also reported killing an enemy combatant, or knowing somebody who was injured or kil led. round half said they handled a body while serving in Iraq (2004). In addition to CNNs article, Cep79m. tv announced amazing data wake one in four Marines reported killing an Iraqi civilian while one in four Army soldiers reported engaging in hand-to-hand combat. More than 85 percent of those surveyed know somebody who has been injured or killed. More than half claimed handling corpses or human remains (2004). 3. interference and Prevention There is help available to those returning from the war torn countries. Almost 17 percent of the troops surveyed, who served in Iraq, suffered mental health problems while less than half of them have looked for professional help after ending their tours (Cep79m. tv, 2004). Sergeant First Class (SFC) Doug Sample of the American Forces Press Service reports that service members can get confidential counseling through the military services One Source program. The 24-hour-a-day service is for service members and their families, and provides qu ick, professional assistance with problems (2004).The reason only half of them are seeking help could be the possibility of negative attention from their unit. Dr. William Winkenwerder says that a main barrier preventing soldiers from getting help is the perception of trade name that some individuals have about coming forward to get that care and counseling (Gilmore, 2004). CNN interviewed Staff Sergeant (SSG) Georg-Andreas Pogany who saw an Iraqi body which had suffered severe trauma on his second day in Iraq. Suffering from a nervous breakdown and struggling to sleep that night, he decided to tell his superior officer.He was panicked he would freeze up on patrol and was worried about the consequences. Instead of being given help, he was told to reconsider his concerns for the sake of his career. A arranger attached to the 10th Special Forces Group was sent back and charged with cowardice after experiencing the same type of emotional stress. Though his charge was dropped, his e xhibit is still uncertain (2004). Post-traumatic stress disorder may not be preventable in every individual who steps foot inside a combat zone, but things can be done to lower the number of cases which occur after deploying.The army, for example, works under a tough and naturalistic knowledge motto. They train their soldiers during peacetime as if they were actually in a combat zone. Live-fire ranges along with tough and realistic training have helped soldiers prepare for combat and the numbers developed from the data is surprisingly low. But that doesnt surprise many people because according to Gilmore, they have used information from former prisoners of wars to help train todays service members to be ready for combat (2004). The military works on a schedule allowing units to use live fire ranges at certain times with a certain number of live rounds.A possibility to help lower the amount of PTSD cases related to intense combat situations would be allowing soldiers to use live fi re ranges more often. If this means raising taxes a little more to allow for a larger budget, then by all means, its worth it. Before, during, and after deployment, service members are given counseling sessions to prepare them for intense situations as well as t all(prenominal)ing them about the possibility of mental health damage. This has been a change since the Vietnam War, which could be another factor which has helped lower the amount of PTSD cases throughout the military.Another possible solution to PTSD would be to picture soldiers throughout their entire career. Before Operation Enduring Freedom, it had been nearly 10 years since the last major conflict which involved ground forces. In those 10 years, if soldiers were given briefings on the possibility of mental health damage after combat, there is a chance they would have been more prepared to deal with those situations. The Department of Defense could easily make it mandatory that each service member receives several brie fings each year during their entire military career to include during deployments. Citing recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention research, Winkenwerder noted some people seem more predisposed to develop depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorders as a result of negative childhood experiences (Gilmore, 2004). Apparently, the better the life a child has while growing up, the more ready for combat they will be. The Department of Defense requires each applicant for the armed forces to take a examine which allows them to qualify for a certain job within the military.Another possibility would be adding a section to the test which measures the type of childhood an applicant experienced. They could then choose only those who did not have many negative childhood experiences, if that statement is at all accurate, to consume their combat oriented positions. 4. 0CONCLUSION According to the data gathered during recent surveys, it is clear that although the violence of wa r will remain the same, it is possible to lower the percentage of service members who experience mental disturbance such as post-traumatic stress disorder from combat situations. It may be impossible o completely rid the put up force of the possibility of PTSD, but with enough counseling before, during, and after combat operations, the percentage of those who suffer from it may be lowered dramatically. More tough and realistic training will also help set soldiers into the mindset of what it takes to survive a combat situation. The treatment and prevention is there, but does not seem to be used quite enough. Not using the prevention methods is almost like sending our troops on a suicide mission. Cep79m. tv, (2004, July 1). Soldier Mental illness Hits Vietnam Level. Retrieved April 6, 2012 from http//www. cep79m. v/soldiermentalillness. htm (http//www. cep79m. tv/soldiermentalillness. htm) CNN, (2004, July 1). Combat stress The war within. Retrieved April 10, 2012 from http//www. cn n. com/2004/HEALTH/07/01/post. traumatic. stress/ (http//www. cnn. com/2004/HEALTH/07/01/post. traumatic. stress/) Gilmore, G. , (2004, July 1). Combat Degrades Some Troops Mental Health, Report Says. Retrieved April 16, 2012 from http//www. defenselink. mil/news/Jul2004/n07012004_2004070106. html (http//www. defenselink. mil/news/Jul2004/n07012004_2004070106. html) Welch, W. , (2005, February 28). Trauma of Iraq War Haunting Thousands Returning Home.Retrieved April 16, 2012 from http//www. commondreams. org/cgi-bin/print. cgi? file=/headlines05/0228-01. htm (http//www. commondreams. org/cgi-bin/print. cgi? file=/headlines05/0228-01. htm) NIMH Post Traumatic Stress Disorder look for Fact Sheet. National Institutes of Mental Health. Retrieved April 16, 2012 from http//www. nimh. org/ptsdfactsheet/ A soldier carrying his wounded compatriot Smoking as a common stress reliever among soldiers. Traumatic flashback occurring on duty. Anti-depressants are common among veterans. Traumatic enough to bring the toughest of men to tears.

Business Ethics and Studio Habitat Indonesia

STUDIO HABITAT CASE How to help low income manses lymph nodes while followed the interior decoratorure vexation ethics in Indonesia Ein truthone deserves a comfort, save, and beautifully well- objected mansion house to live in. Unfortunately, there hardly ever an architect who is willing to get involved in a low budget house formulate thrust whereas in fact, an architect support is extremely hireed in one. People need a particular architecture solution for their lack of budget, space, material, and opportunity in building a house. On the other hand, the low budget house should be made with an reportl plan so it wouldnt be to a greater extent than the fund they have.Which hopefully, can be done with a hand from an architect. A good low budget house should be a sturdy one, so that it could have a low maintenance and sustainable construction. It should have fine light and circulation thus it wont need much electrical vital force which alike means saving the energy and exp ense The space should be prissyly designed in an exact space, thus every(prenominal) space getable is properly used and the material and structure atomic number 18 effective and efficiently applied along with the necessity so that the building cost can also be economized.In Indonesia, the issue is crucial due to the need of good quality house supporting a good quality of life. With a well-constructed milieu comes well social environment. The problem is the fact that most architects lack of awareness these days towards the need of middle relegate society for a good architecture. not to mention the society which doesnt seem to assume architecture as a fundamental issue. The main problem due to the problems, there is a very different opinion just about how should architects deals with this matter.To make an affordable houses designed by an architect, first of all architect should lowering the evaluate below the standard rates decided by the Indonesian Architects Association. Th is is not a really ideal solution, because ethically those who want to create a expense war in the business could misuse it. In the other hand, if we keep up with the standard honorariums, it was to high to be r from each one by the poor. The Affordable HousesAffordable brio accommodations and low cost housing are the most talked about issues in the real estate sector these days. However, there is a distinct difference between the two impressions. In the absence of an institutional rental market in Indonesia affordable and low cost housing denotes ownership and not rental housing. Low cost housing generally refers to cost effective housing that relies on low cost technology that encertain(p)s similar quality and durability as compared to more comm only when used technologies.In Indonesia, the affordable houses was definite by the government through some of the rules and laws and minimum standard, Indonesian government set some rules about it such as1 It provides a comfort, sav e, and proper shelter for the user It provides a proper air circulation, and ventilation for natural light It provides drainage, clean water, and a proper waste system It provides access to unexclusive facility It provides electricityMore over, there is some standard minimum area of the houses so it would fulfill the criteria to be called as ideal affordable houses (on unwrap 1 & 2)2 Theres still some unfinished points about this criteria and standards, for examples the government set up the standard height for ceiling in houses should about to be around 3. 2 meters from the floor. In fact, with a great design on the layout and opening for windows and doors, 2. 4 meters from the floor is all needed to had a proper, safe, comfort, and lusty affordable houses. Business ethics for architects in IndonesiaArchitects is someone creating an architecture3. The job is to make a real manifesto from the idea and the needs of a client. In doing their jobs an architect give a focus on som e designs factors during the process, some of those are the style of the building, air circulation, natural light, ventilation, concepts, and the basic structure of the building, the materials that should be use, and so on. The on the job(p) process would be start right after the architect had been chosen by the client, the next xtep is to collect all the neccessary data, surveys, and then the consultation begin.After the architect and the client had reach some agreement of how the design proccess should be done, the client gave the down payment no more than a 30% of total of the architects fee on the current project to get to the preliminary design process. It including the plan, elevation, and 3D image. Another 30% was given after, to start the works drawing, and at last some other(prenominal) 30% to complete all the details and full drawing. There is no rules about the command during the construction process yet, but some architects takes 10% leave as the supervision fee, and some ask for another contracts.According to The Indonesian architects association (known As IAI stands for Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia) the rules for an architects fee is classified through their experiences. So the senior the architect are, the more he or she should be paid4. There are 2 kind of fee classification according on courses experiences. The first one is calculated from man/hour, man/month, even man/ year (see exhibit 3). The second is to calculate the fee from the total price of the projects. The basic fee is 6-9% for housing and 3-5% for public space5. This fee is the minimum standard to gain a quality control of architects works throughout Indonesia.Studio home ground Studio Habitat is voluntary organization of students and professionals in the field of architecture that helps design for cost effective houses clients, doing the design process for sinless. During their works we had a coalition with Habitat for Humanity, an international nonprofit organization that hel ps families build safe, decent and affordable houses by providing labors and interest-free funding. Studio Habitat was established to answer the need for good design to help home partner (known as partner families as a clients) build their houses under Habitat program.Studio Habitat Indonesia, whose participants are mostly students of architecture helps to design houses for partner families. Students, who are used to pattern houses on paper, get a chance to actually build their designs and learn something in the process. Ideally every Habitat for Humanity home partner that chooses to do so will have their house designed by participants of Studio Habitat Indonesia, under supervision of a mentor. The mentors are professional architects who volunteer for Habitat.Studio Habitat plays a more particular proposition role, as architecture students are involved in designing houses, in addition to helping with the actual construction. The student become more adept in dealing with clients and we learn to be more sensitive to the need of the family in regard to their house is one of the benefits they get from joining Studio Habitat Indonesia. Students joining Studio Habitat talk to the homeowner. They survey the site and design the house in-group superintend by a mentor. Then they will give the workshop-draw to the Habitat for Humanity, and design the building budgeting plan.Afterwards the volunteers go to the location as the houses were built, to supervised and checked whether the workers had a problems on the building process. The Issue While Studio Habitat continuing to help the client, some problems occur. Some architects began to protest about the free-consultation concept this organization used. They dont see any positive thing in a perspective of an architect to do such projects, and they afraid that this free-consultation idea would inspire some bad quality consultant to create some kind war of setting the price between architects.Some of them had bad experience s on meeting clients requested such a low price for the architect fee, and seeing this concept as a thread. This situation is not a new-fangled problem, for a long time award architects of The Indonesian architects association had struggled to compete the bad quality so called il well-grounded-architects which selling their drawing per sheet on a very low prices. Others gave a free design, in exchange to use them as a contractor in the construction process. This is not just a thread to the architects, but also to the client, and more over it threatened the architecture business in Indonesia.To solve these problems, Indonesian architects association set the rules on the shelter of the architecture business and tried to have it signed by the government on 2010. As for Studio Habitat, they create their own rules and criteria for up coming projects. It includes, the criteria of the client such as income, profession, family background, and so on. And for the houses they set the limits on budget, area, and function. And change the way they do the consulting process. The free consultation programs In brief, the idea is to provide a free of charge architecture consultation system for a low budget house design.The program should be held regularly from one to another middle class social area by turns in order to collect the data about related issue. As a result, this consultation might develop to a fund-raise or loan track activity for people with less budget, a coordination of community self-help activity done voluntarily, or low budget house renovation with followed by a fund raising. With a complete data, this program certainly can be a facility to provide source of information and education both for the architect and client as well.The targets of the program are low budget house clients who dont know how to optimally slip away their budget, space and opportunity. By planning a neat design of the house, the money can be spent properly, plus the rest of it could b e used for another need. With a frequently updated data system, the information of building material price and execution charge could help to free from the possibility of deception. It can be sure that, with a well design, every cost spent is worthy and not useless. The most important part of the program is to gathering a number of architects who are willing to give voluntary consultation.And then followed up by finding fund supporting parties so that the consultation and design ideas are not only can be seen on the paper but can also be a realized. At last, forming a system among society to support each other, particularly in designing low budget house architecture within their environment which is not only limited to individual house for living but also public accommodations. The purpose of this program is to spread enthusiasm and idea that everyone deserves good architecture.Therefore, hopefully the community consists of society, architect as well as everyone interested, has been formed within a year. With a simple and low cost system, along with the ability to support individual through cooperation system, the program is wished to develop more and become an inspiration for other society and architect communities. Conclusion From a long, man-to-man consultation process, at the client house, to a short but bargain consultation done in villages and traditional public space, The Studio Habitat had change their way of helping the low-income clients.Therefore, the target of the program would not be confounded and not being misuse by irresponsible people. And starting from 2009, Studio Habitat is focused on designing prototype of an anti-disaster house for the government. The process is 90% done by the architecture student, within under Indonesian architects association considered as an internship programs member, and allowed to do the design process for free under supervision of certificated architects.The process would help to create a standard about what is architects and what can they do for their clients, so if a good design is for everyone their should be a specific ethics and laws on running the business. And to narrowed the gap between the architects and clients, the affordable houses for the low-income clients is the best way to do, while waiting for the government to step up with the legal laws. Exhibition 1 Number of room Number of people 1 2 2 3 3 5 4 7 5 10 Exhibition 2 Area of the room Max. erson/room 4,64 m2 0 4,64 6,5 m2 0,5 6,5 8 m2 1 8 10 m2 1,5 10 m2 2 Exhibition 3 1 Health ministry of the republic of Indonesia Number 829/ Menkes/ SK/ VII/ 1999 2 The standard room area for houses by general works and electricity department year 1972 3 The manual strike year 2007 by The Indonesian architects association 4 www. iai. com

My Classmates

Patricias classmate is a young man close in his deep teens early twenties. He is quite tall, slender build about six feet one inch maybe a small(a) shorter. He looks as if he weighs about one hundred and seventy pounds maybe a little more or a little less. He has chestnut brown bull and it is very short, his hair is cut with a fade so it gets shorter towards the bottom he has side burns but they are very short to about the top of his ear. This classmate is a very hefty looking guy, he has a square shape face. He doesnt have a great deal of freckles but a few. He is Caucasian his skin tone is a natural beige color.His eyes are a pretty hazel, pale unfledged on the outside and towards the middle a light brown, he also has pretty long eye lashes. His facial hair looks as if he has a five oclock shadow all the time. He has nice dentition, not bleach paper white but they have a little tint of yellow to them kind of like you can tell he drinks coffee, his teeth also are straight ex cept the top center teeth are a little crooked and slant towards the inside of his mouth. This classmate doesnt seem like a shy person, he seems to be beat and likes to have people rough he likes to be sarcastic towards others too.His voice is not very high or loud, he has a low overstuffed timber. Which is soothing to others when its been a hectic day. The classmate doesnt have a distinctive type of clothing he dresses casual and seems to be contented in anything he throws on. He tends to wear Vans shoes all the time. He doesnt seem to have a certain brand of anything he wears in any case his shoes so probably just any jeans he feels comfortable in. So in all this classmate is an everyday kind of guy, he is casual, good looking, nice trimmed hair, with a five oclock shadow all the time, and seems like a really nice guy to keep around as a friend.

A paper study evaluation

The main pass of the paper is directed at providing enough background and inquiry to the process of identifying exploiter needs and to modify unitary to understand the diverse importance of collecting drug user needs. Requirements collection forms an essential step in dust growing and is one of the primary stages which need to be fulfilled well for further successful development of the brass.Unless this stage is performed well and requirements atomic number 18 magnetized entirely the system would be half- built and it would not correspond to the power points of the business operations entirely.2. Why this message is seen as important and worthy of research?Answer It is quite important to identify the users chief and to devise the better orders for research and development. The composition of users reactions, their conglomerate perceptions towards cost, effort and time is rattling life-or-death to be understood so that they derriere be capitalized upon.The various messages would impart better conceptualization of the various strategies required for fetching the requirements of the users. The composition of the primary arrangement of the subject, its importance and learning the various natures would enable better communication and pave the way to smoother communication.3. What issues are addressed within the main message?Answer The issues that are addressed in the main passage would be to understand the user problems and to capture the various mechanisms to get the job done at its best.The first message is aimed at knowing the crucial aspects of an users mind and their objectives which they would target. Knowing the right pattern and benefit would generally assist the development team to shape their technique for requirements gathering.The second message is towards the understanding the right tool for collection of the requirements. It big(a)ly presents the factor for the right selection of the appropriate methodology for benefit and would enable greater integration of user choices and methodology.The third message is to announce the right method for collection of requirements and its successful classification for which the system tin can be built around successfully. The various requirements for enabling the classification would result in knowing the user minds and acknowledging the right way for gaining the advantage of the proposed system.4. How these issues are treated/researched?Answer The issues are placed into the research athletic field for getting the elaborate discussion of the facts and then a set of questionnaires are devised for answering the issues for the paper. The composition of the various strategies result into visual set of instances through which the communication would be further smooth and understandable.The data prevail diagrams and process models enriched the issues further and the very basis for making the right judgments would be at ease. The various models suggested in the research has taken effective care of the users understanding process and facilitated the right mien of fetching the requirements for its detail. The proper classification would enable right judgment of the issues and enable better modeling the framework.5. What are the major findings of the paper?Answer The major finding is divided into large scale classified programs. The major achievement is divided into modules and user details are framed into it. The composition of the varied factors has evolved the IBIS model and the notification of a methodology to match the requirements of the enterprise.The methodologies form the large part of discussion and enable one to detail various forms of justice to match the standards. The rightful methods for getting the insight of the various strategies exercised would satisfy requirements stated.6. What is your own judicial decision of the findings of the paper?Answer The assessment lies in the depth of the major challenges laid down and to make the almo st of the methodologies and models proposed. The models proposed for successful capturing of the user requirements are yet to be tested in real life and thus cannot be predicted for its success for sure.The risk factors and the collaboration of ideas would fetch right direction for the right tapping of the users requirements and the dynamic nature of the changing users views and collaboration. The primary issue is to understand the situation and the various challenges posed by the situation. The analysis of the clients atmosphere and the risk factors for inappropriate information collection methodology is of large importance. The variety of options and the selection of the right factor would enable correct decision making for the enterprise.The cultural issues at this point must be highlighted well and must be taken into account for better understanding of the issues. The problems related to obtaining information and collection of user requirements is a major challenge. The differen t methods for doing work might not be understood by people and would instill problems if not corrected well. The cultural issues required to be dealt well for fetching the appropriate set of user requirements and to make sure that it is taken care well.The models highlighted in the paper are not sought after and wishfully does not envelope the major steamy factors for data collection and tapping the right set of requirements. The various psychological factors are not taken into paradigm and are not surveyed for fetching the birds view of the process.7. Relate this assessment to some case studies or applications in the real world which you are aware of, i.e. substantiate your assessment with examplesAnswer The assessment can be dealt with a case study of a company where the best technique to collect requirements for their Employee leave tracking system. Techniques like interviewing, questionnaire, past documents and other such ways of dealing with the final collection of user requi rements. The wonk analysis of the methods was researched and ultimately the interviewing methods for requirements collection are established for better research and study.In our Employee leave tracking system, the interviewing method would be of great use for collecting the requirements as the diversification would be quite less. The person big information may not cater to all departments, as leave is an organizational issue and can be addressed by the HR manager alone. All the queries regarding system requirements would be met by one person alone handling the employee leave tracking system that is the Human Resources department.

The Main Cause of Global Warming

Pollution Is not a simple problem that the world Is facing actually taint Is the argue behind the occurring of world(prenominal) warming. spherical warming refers to the increase of temperature on the earths surface. For every action there is a cause and effect. orbicular warming is one of the biggest problems that the world is facing nowadays. There are many solutions that we dope go for to counteract the massive problems that might happen later on in the future. Introduction We as human beings we ask to survive and live in a planet that might not be armful for our health.Sadly were not recognizing what amends were leaving behind us because of the several(prenominal) kinds of pollution that we made by ourselves. There are several kinds of pollution virtually are visible like air, water, and human pollution while others are invisible. Those kinds of pollutions are affecting our planet In a dangerous way that might tinge us to a global warming one day. airwave pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes in harmful amounts. Air pollution is affecting humans health in a negative way like do advisecer, birth effects and genetic mutations.Air pollution is affecting our environment as thoroughly, since its affecting the ozone layer in the atmosphere and it can increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, where It damages crops and plants and can lead to skin cancer and cataracts. According to the UNEVEN scientists, they estimated that the pollution in the cloud contributes to at least 700,000 immature deaths every year. This shows how the air pollution is affecting our environment and human beings.Some of the everyday things are the main things of create air illusion like automobile emissions, tobacco smoke, combustion of coal, acid rain, noise pollution from cars and construction, effect plants, manufacturing buildings, large ships, paint fumes, aerosol sprays, wildfires, and nuclear weapons. To help the enviro nment and the human health we should work on keeping the planet clean from air pollution. The number one way to forestall air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuels from polluting the air. Water pollution Is the Introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter Into argue bodies of water that degrade the quality of life that lives In It and consumes It. Factories, refineries, shove along treatment facilities, mining, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, human sewage, oil spills, failing septic systems, soap from washing your car, oil and antifreeze leaking from cars, dwelling chemicals, and animal waste are the main sources that can cause water pollution. The best way to prevent water pollution Is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals Into our water supplies. aspect. Agriculture can cause land pollution because of the local pests that have existed for hundreds of years along with the new invasive species so they are lade n with chemicals that are not found in nature. Soil pollution and waste disposal are examples of land pollution. Deforestation can cause land pollution as well because of the endless trees that people are cutting every single day and this causes the land to be imbalanced. Construction can release chemicals that can inhibit the growth of plants and animals.By decreasing the amount of papers were using we can decrease the amount of trees that were cutting every single day which this is the reason behind the land pollution. Global warming is happening now. Our planet temperature is increasing way more than it is supposed to be. Obviously we are the reason behind whats happening in the world. Since were overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide its raising the planets temperature. Before its too late, we should follow some instructions to prevent the global warming from getting worse.

The Necessity Of Computer Security

When the first electronic estimators emerged from university and military laboratories in the late 1940s and early 1950s, visionaries proclaimed them the harbingers of a second industrial revolution that would transform business, judicature and industry. But few laymen, even if they were aware of the machines, could run across the connection. Experts too, were sceptical. Not only were computers huge, expensive, one-of-a-kind devices designed for performing abstruse scientific and military calculations, such(prenominal) as crack codes and calculations missile trajectories, they were as well extremely difficult to handle.Now, it is clear that computers are not only here to stay, only when they have a pro implant effect on society as well. As John McCarthy, prof of computing machine Science at Stanford University, speculated in 1966 The computer gives signs of becoming the contemporary counterpart of the steam engine that brought on the industrial revolution one that is still gathering momentum and whose true nature had except to be seen. Todays applications of computers are vast.They are apply to run ordinary household appliances such as televisions and microwaves, to be tools in the workplaces through word processing, spreadsheets, and graphics software, to unning monumental tasks such as being the heart and soul of the nations tax processing department, and managing the project timetables of the Space Shuttle. It is obvious that the computer is now and forever leave be inexorably linked to our lives, and we have no choice but to accept this technology and learn how to harness its total potential.With any progressing technology, an unauthorized application can almost be found for it. A computer could and has been used for theft and fraud for example, as a selective informationbase and manager of illegal activities such as drug trafficking and pornography. However, we mustiness not just consider the harmful applications of the computer, but als o pee-pee into account the good that they have caused. When society embraced the computer technology, we have to treat this as an extension of what we already have at hand.This means that some problems that we had before the computer era may also plagiarise now, in the form where computers are an accessory to a crime. wiz of the problems that society has faced ever since the cut across of civilization is privacy. The issue of privacy on the Internet has risen many arguments for and against having it. The issue of privacy has gotten to the oint where the g everywherenment activity of the United States has placed a woodpecker promoting a single chip to encrypt all nonpublic material on the Internet. Why is privacy so important?Hiding confidential material from intruders does not necessarily mean that what we keep deep it illegal. Since ancient times, pile have trusted couriers to carry their messages. We postage stamp forth messages in a envelope when sending mail through the postal service. Using computer and encrypting programs to channelize electronic messages proficiently is not different from sending a letter the old-fashioned way. This story will examine he modern methods of encrypting messages and analyse why Phil Zimmerman created an extremely powerful civilian encipherment program, called the PGP, for sanely Good Privacy.In particular, by focusing on cryptography, which was originally intended for military use, this paper will examine just how easy it is to conclude why giving civilians a military-grade encrypting program such as the PGP may be dangerous to national security. Therefore, with any type of new technology, this paper will signal that the application of cryptography for civilian purposes is not just a right, but is also a necessity. more and more in todays era of computer technology, not only banks but also businesses and government agencies are turning to encryption.Computer security experts consider it best and most pract ical way to protect computer data from unauthorized disclosure when transmitted and even when stored on a disk, tape, of the magnetic deprive of a credit card. Two encryption systems have led the way in the modern era. One is the single- give away system, in which data is both encrypted and decrypted with the same recognize, a sequence of eight numbers, each between 0 and 127. The other is a 2-key ystem in this advance to cryptography, a pair of mathematically complementary keys, each containing as many as 200 digits, are used for encryptions and decryption.In contrast with ciphers of earlier generations, where security depended in part on concealing the algorithm, confidentiality of a computer encrypted message hinges solely on the secrecy of the keys. separately system is thought to encrypt a message so inscrutably that the step-by-step mathematical algorithms can be made public without compromising security. The single key system, named the Data Encryption Standard DES for victimize as designed in 1977 as the official method for protecting unclassified computer data in agencies of the American Federal government.Its evolution began in 1973 when the US National Bureau of Standards, responding to public irritation about the confidentiality of computerized information outside military and diplomatic channels, invited the submission of data-encryption techniques as the first step towards an encryption scheme intended for public use. The method selected by the bureau as the DES was developed by IBM researchers. During encryption, the DES algorithm divides a message into blocks f eight characters, then enciphers them one after another. beneath control of the key, the letters and numbers of each block are scrambled no fewer than 16 times, resulting in eight characters of ciphertext. As good as the DES is, obsolescence will almost certainly ensnare it. The life span of encryption systems tends to be short the older and more widely used a cipher is, the hi gher the potential payoff if it is cracked, and the greater the likelihood that someone has succeeded. An entirely different approach to encryption, called the 2-key or public- key system, simplifies the problem of key scattering and management.The approach to cryptography eliminates the need for subscribers to share keys that must be kept confidential. In a public-key system, each subscriber has a pair of keys. One of them is the so-called public key, which is freely available to anyone who wishes to communicate with its proprietor. The other is a secret key, known only to its owner. though either key can be used to encipher or to decipher data encrypted with its mate, in most instances, the public key is employed for encoding, and the private key for decoding.Thus, anyone can send a secret message to anyone else by using the addressees public key to encrypt ts contents. But only the recipient of the message can plant sense of it, since only that person has the private key. A p ublic key cryptosystem is called the PGP, for Pretty Good Privacy. Designed by Phil Zimmerman, this program is freely distributed for the purpose of giving the public the acquaintance that whatever communications they pass, they can be sure that it is practically unbreakable. PGP generates a public and private key for the user using the RSA technique.The data is then encrypted and decrypted with the IDEA algorithm which is similar to the DES, but the work compute to decode the encrypted message by brute orce is much higher than what the DES could provide. The reason why the RSA is used only when generating the keys is that the RSA takes a very long time to encrypt an entire document, where using the RSA on the keys takes a mere fraction of the time. At this time, Zimmerman is bing charged by the US government for his effort in exploitation the PGP.The government considers encryption as a weapon, and they have established regulations controlling or prohibiting the export of munit ions. Since the PGP is a powerful encryption program, it is considered and can be used as a powerful weapon and may be a threat to national security. On the Internet, it is clear that many people all over the world are against the US governments effort on limiting the PGPs encryption capabilities, and their reason is that the ban infringes on the peoples right to privacy.The PGP must not be tempered only as a weapon, for it contains analogies that are not used in wartime. One of them is certificate. The two-key cryptosystem is designed with authentication in mind Using someones public key to encrypt enables only the owner of the private key to decrypt the same message. In the real world, we use our own signature to try on out identity in signing heques or contracts. There exists retina scanners that check the blood vessels in out eyes, as well as fingerprint analysis devices.These use our physical characteristics to prove our identity. A digital signature generated by a public key cryptosystem is much harder to counterfeit because of the mathematics of factoring which is an proceeds over conventional methods of tests for out identity. Another analogy the PGP has with the real world is the need for security. Banks and corporations employ a trusted courier in the form of an armoured truck or a guard to transfer sensitive documents or valuables.However, this is expensive for civilian purposes, and the PGP provides the same or better security when securing civilian information. charm many argue that limiting the PGPs abilities are against the peoples right to privacy, the PGP must also be seen as a necessity as we enter the Information Age. There is currently myopic or no practical and inexpensive way to secure digital information for civilians, and the PGP is an answer to this problem.Computer privacy must not be treated differently than any other method to make private any documents. Rather, we must consider the computer as a tool and se it as an extensi on of societys evolution. Clearly the techniques we employ for computer privacy such as encryption, secure transfers and authentication closely mirrors past efforts at privacy and non-criminal efforts. The government is putting more pressure against the distribution of PGP outside of the United States.One of their main reasons was that since it is freely distributed and thus can be modified in such a way that even the vast computational resources of the US government cannot break the PGPs secured message. The government could now reason that the PGP can provide criminal rganizations a means of secure communications and storage of their activities, and thus make the law enforcements job much harder in tracking criminals win and proving them guilty.Also, we must never forget one of out basic human rights one that many position their lives for, is freedom. We have the freedom to do anything we wish that is within the law. The government is now attempting to pass a bill promoting a s ingle algorithm to encrypt and decrypt all data that belongs to its citizens. A multitude of people around the world are opposed to this concept, arguing that it is against their freedom and their privacy.

Human being’s personality Essay

It is said that e precise human beings personality is molded by the uniting of his or her experiences. Personally, I believe that perhaps, a more(prenominal) accurate statement would be that human beings argon molded by what they derive from each of their alivenesss experiences. Hardships in my Childhood I grew up in circumstances that exit a classical example of disparity between appearance and reality. To the removed world my parents marriage appeared to be picture perfect. However, in reality, alcohol abuse by my contract and domestic violence between my parents had created an environment within our house that, for me, was both difficult and frightening.My father had a drinking problem, and the encounters between my father and mother often escalated into violence. I spent a enormous deal of period trying to be a peace fatherr and caretaker of my parents. Despite my unfortunate situation, I was ever so determined to be successful. I knew in my mind that the path to success would prove to be a great challenge for a young black female, who was non mature enough or, had emotionally still guardians to guide her path. Nonetheless I was determined to achieve the goal, I had in my mind.Early in my childhood, frisks became more than just a past eon it became a way of dealing with the hardships of a dysfunctional household. As a student, personal Education became one of my favorite courses since it was the only duration during the day when I was open to enjoy my childhood without thinking about what was going on in my home life. By the time I was eight, my parents separated. My mother and myself relocated from Connecticut to New York City. This change was extremely difficult for me.Although my parents marriage was any thing but stable, my father had always meant the world to me. Over the next some course of studys my mother was required to make a transition from being a stay at home mom, to being the sole provider of our household. Due to dire pa ys and the in world power to make childcare, I always had a greater than usual amount of household responsibilities over my shoulders. My social interactions at this time were limited primarily to organized school activities. I enlargeed strong induce morals at an early age by sp destructioning my weekends bagging roceries at the neighborhood supermarket.My mother did non want me to work but I love the tactile property of earning my knowledge money, since it gave me a great discovering of independence. Worked as a Camp Counselor When I reached the age of fifteen, I started spending my summers working as a camp Counselor, where I was responsible for the organization and development of activities such as, arts and crafts, swimming, and delivering sports related instructions. This was the signalize when I branch became interested in bonnie a physical education teacher.I loved the feeling of being in charge and having the younger kids look up to me. Worked as a Sports/ youth Counselor By the time I began college, I was more earnest than some freshmen to begin a whole new life, because so much had happened in my past life, which I wanted to put behind. immaterial of athletics, I never really had an active social life, so this made my transition to university life very difficult. My undergraduate life had been quite short lived. I had to leave school after only the first semester due to limited finances.Discouraged by the in mogul to further continue my education, I returned home to work full time as a Sports/Youth Counselor for youths with learning disabilities, emotional disorders, and mental retardation. This turn out to be one of the most extraordinary experiences in my life, as it provided me with a chance to interact closely, on a day-to-day basis, with youngsters, whose courage and massive temperament for joy and happiness, impressed me immensely. Their smiles and laughter were pure, even epoch they battled against significant personal difficu lties for which they were not themselves responsible.Ironically, as I worked with these small children I was simultaneously fighting a small battle of my own, resisting my initial resistance and fear of dealing with these children. Before I got to know these youngsters, I was worried that they would detect my discomfort, catch me staring at them, misinterpret something I might have said, or be hurt somehow by my actions or words. In the beginning all of these things appeared to be sour possibilities. However in reality, at a time I immersed myself into work, my fear of any incidents happening, disappeared.I began relating to these children in the same as other normal kids. The youngsters soon sensed this and responded well to me. working(a) with these youngsters made me realize that despite my childhood I was still very fortunate to have health and the ability to be as physically independent. Secondly it made realize that I had been bestowed with the gift of having the ability an d passion to garter oneself others. Graduation A year and a half later, I returned to Virginia State University as an independent student, more determined and lustful than ever to finally have the opportunity to finish what I had previously started.In between my prompt work schedule, I completed a work-study as a student athletic trainer. Although, very time consuming, it was a very exciting job. I loved the rush and excitement of preparing for the day of final game, and the ability of being a part of the treatment protocols, utilized on a daily basis in athletic preparation. This job provided fascinating, educational, and an exciting experience that exposed me to the battleground of sports and medicine all in one. This was likewise the major, which I pursued later at the United States Sports honorary society as a graduate student.Working as a somatogenic Education Teacher Upon graduation I decided to take a year off from school, while I focused on settling into the dogma pr ofession. My first article of faith range was at the middle school level, in New York City. This experience proved to be the most challenging one. During the tenure of this job, I come in contact with students who displayed behaviors and emotions that were the direct results of some of the same childhood and family scars that I had once faced as a child. It was extremely difficult trying to educate these students without becoming emotionally attached.At the same time it was very stressful, trying to relate to them, and getting them to understand that their ongoing situation would not determine their future status. I quickly came to realize that summer camp and teaching were two totally different professions in their own ways. I am currently a Physical Education teacher and Department chair at high school level. Post-graduation in Sports Medicine I enrolled at the United States Sports Academy to pursue my masters degree in Sports Medicine, during my second year of teaching.Althoug h I had started to get adjusted to teaching, I missed the rush of being an athletic trainer. At the end of the school year, my college sweetheart and fiance was hired at our Alma mater as an offensive line coach. This position gave me the opportunity to complete my post-graduate intern hours in an environment that was very familiar to me. I was required to make one last employment transition that would have allowed me to utilize my intern skills as a trainer. outgrowth of my Passion for Weight Training During the course of my internship, I was diagnosed with Gravess disease.This disease directly unnatural my Thyroid gland and its ability to produce hormones properly. This posed as a major setback not only in my everyday life but also in complete my masters degree. Shortly thereafter, I suffered from major depression, which caused me to gain over forty pounds of weight and lose the motivation that had once set aboutn me towards success. After a year of feeling sorry for myself an d taking prescription medications, which generally leftover me feeling isolated, or sleeping during the major part of the day, I came to realize that medication was not the semipermanent answer.I was once again faced with a life challenge that soon exposed me to another(prenominal) aspect of the sport sciences. More determined than ever to get my life back on track, I invested in my first gym (gymnasium) membership. Committing myself to a strenuous weekly regimen, I soon began to experience many a(prenominal) physiological and psychological benefits of my investment. My accomplishments in the gym helped me overcome, what a year of medication could not do. It also helped to develop a passion that led me towards the pursuit of my masters degree.More importantly, it gave me the opportunity to help remove the lives of others. My continuous efforts and positive results in the gym deepened my passion for weight genteelness and assisted me in restoring the drive and motivation that had been lost due to depression. Within the following year, I had lost 48 lbs and completed my get the hang . Working as a Personal Trainer Having lost 48 lbs of weight after connectedness the gym, I competed in my first amateur body-building competition. Winning this competition gave me a sense of empowerment, that I had the ability to achieve anything in life that I desire.Since then I have won two sour weight class titles and am currently classified as a pro qualifier in the NPA. In the past year I have received my personal training and upkeepal consultants, and mathematical group exercise certifications. Fitness and nutrition has been a major part of my healing run along my life move around. I currently work part time as personal trainer in a local fitness center and have started my own mobile fitness business, titled Elite phase Fitness. I conduct this business along with two fellow personal trainers.We offer serve like personal training, group exercises, massage therapy, nutrition workshops, and first aid and CPR classes. My career plans and goals Plans for achieving the doctorial Degree I plan to attend the academy during the school years as a understanding student and as a resident student during the summer sessions. I am currently a Physical Education teacher and Department chair. Besides this, I also work part time as personal trainer in a local fitness center and have started my own mobile fitness business.Although I already have an extensive educational and hands on priming in the work of sports and fitness, I feel the need to develop myself in the field of trouble in order to successfully run my business. My desired area of study is Sports Management with an idiom on finance and entrepreneurship. My Career Plans After Receiving the Doctoral Degree I plan to teach as a Physical Education teacher for approximately one more year, and then I plan for a transition from being a High school teacher to a University professor in the field of f itness, sport care, athletic training, or sports medicine.Upon completion of my doctoral degree, I plan to expand my current personal training business and increase its reputation within the community in the long-term. My short-term goals are to refine my management skills and develop an organization of knowledgeable professional trainers to accommodate the below mentioned computer programs. I am really eager to develop an educational program within the school system to deal with childhood corpulency. As a physical educator and fitness business owner, I would like to incorporate a childhood obesity and health program within the school system.In preparation for this, I plan to utilize cultivation obtained from the research courses to further study and conduct research on childhood obesity and poor nutrition in relation to the issues of academic performance and self-esteem. I also would like to offer holistic wellness programs to corporate businesses. I am strongly interested in developing partnerships within the community to help develop programs, which would address many health related issues in our society. Specific courses that would assist me in completing these goals are personnel management and sports entrepreneurshipMy Plans For A Mentorship I plan to complete my mentorship training in the field of fitness management. I also intend to apply for membership at American Family Fitness, Golds Gym, and the YMCA. I feel these particular facilities exit provide the hands on training needed to accommodate and complete discipline learned through my coursework at the United States Sports Academy. Reasons For Pursuing The Doctor of Sports Management Degree at the Academy Reasons for choosing the Academys program over other doctoral programs I attended the Sports Academy as a graduate student and was really impressed with the rofessionalism of the program and I loved the fact that the program was geared primarily towards sports specific majors.I feel that the Academy will not only provide me with sound and stable training, but will also enhance my skills, which would help me in my future endeavors. It will also give me a great opportunity to network amongst professionals who have already completed the journey of success on which I am still traveling. My desire to pursue a degree in sport management is driven by my already diverse and accomplished background in the field of sport sciences.My Concerns, Choices and Goals regarding the doctoral program Since I feel the need to develop myself in the field of management in order to have a successful business, my desired area of study is Sports Management with an emphasis on finance and entrepreneurship. My aspirations for the future are to help others change their lives and teach them how to begin the healing process through health, fitness and nutrition. The doctoral program would greatly contribute towards my intellectual and personal growth and help me in achieving both my previously menti oned short-term and long-term goals.